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Europe's largest medical market, transformed by the 2024 MedCanG reform — and adult possession now legal.
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The MedCanG (1 April 2024) reclassified medical cannabis as a normal prescription drug rather than a narcotic, removed production tender requirements — BfArM now authorises under pharmaceutical standards — and enabled e-prescriptions that fuelled telemedicine. Officials have warned stricter rules, potentially limits on telemedicine as seen in Poland, may follow a Q4 2025 review.
All licensed physicians may prescribe. Publicly insured patients must show no standard therapy exists or applies and a reasonable prospect of benefit; private patients can be prescribed where medically justifiable. Prescriptions are now widely accessible through telemedicine platforms.
The market is majority flower, though extracts and vape formulations are growing and the first domestic vape launched in 2023. Over half of products are imported, with falling prices as supply from Portugal, Colombia and Uruguay expands; premium Canadian strains remain the most expensive.
Germany is heavily import-reliant and volumes surged after the MedCanG reform. Canada is the largest supplier, followed by Portugal and Denmark, with newer origins including Argentina and the Czech Republic.
Domestic cultivation, previously capped by government tenders, is scaling up since tender restrictions were lifted, with established producers expanding capacity and new entrants applying.
The CanG legalised adult possession, home cultivation and non-commercial supply through cannabis associations under 'Pillar One' of Germany's two-pillar model. Pillar Two — commercial supply pilots — has not yet materialised, and a change of government to the CDU has cast doubt on its progress.
Adults may possess up to 25g in public and 50g at home and grow up to three plants. Consumption is restricted near schools, playgrounds and youth facilities and limited in pedestrian zones during the day. Cannabis associations face strict membership caps, distance, potency and youth-protection rules.
Several cities and universities have expressed interest in scientific pilot projects on commercial supply under the KCanWV research route, though the new federal government's anti-legalisation stance makes their roll-out uncertain.
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