Pain, Depression, and Functional Outcomes Among Older Adults Who Use Cannabis or Opioid Analgesics for Chronic Pain Conditions.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportions of older adults with chronic, non-cancer pain (CNCP) who use cannabis or prescription opioids, and their pain, function, and measures of depression over time.

METHODS: This was a longitudinal, observational secondary analysis of older adults enrolled in the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology study with pain for ≥12 weeks. Predictors were cannabis and opioid use at weekly intervals. Outcomes were weekly pain intensity, pain interference, feeling blue, physical limitations, and annual Geriatric Depression Scale scores.

RESULTS: About 353 participants met criteria with 5% using cannabis and 11% opioids. After controlling for confounders, cannabis use was associated with more pain interference and depression symptoms over time. Opioid use was associated with more pain intensity and interference.

CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis was associated with more pain interference and symptoms of depression. Findings were limited by a small sample. Longitudinal data with reliable measures are needed.