Addressing design and measurement limitations of prior studies, we examined whether individuals who use alcohol or drugs are less likely to attain their pregnancy preferences over one year. Longitudinal cohort study. Five southwestern US states. 2015 individuals ages 15-34 years, capable of pregnancy and non-pregnant at enrollment from 23 primary and reproductive healthcare facilities (2019-2022). Data were collected over 13.5 months. Past-month alcohol, cannabis and other drug use were self-reported at baseline; prospective pregnancy preferences (prior to pregnancy) were reported quarterly using…